海洛因慢性依赖大鼠神经元一氧化氮合成酶变化

目的 研究海洛因药物滥用致脑神经细胞一氧化氮合成酶(ncNOS)表达的变化及法医学鉴定意义。方法 采用ncNOS免疫组织化学SP法、ncNOS mRNA原位分子杂交及图像分析技术,观察大鼠海洛因慢性依赖和自然戒断大脑皮质、中脑导水管周围灰质和中脑腹侧被盖区神经细胞ncNOS的变化和ncNOSmRNA的表达。结果 实验组神经细胞ncNOS含量和ncNOS mRNA表达比对照组明显增加,阳性细胞数明显增多;自然戒断组较慢性依赖组改变更加明显(P<0.05)。结论 ncNOS在海洛因慢性依赖和戒断中起重要作用,脑神经细胞ncNOS免疫组织化学变化可作为海洛因药物滥用法医学鉴定的形态学依据。     

从滥用职权罪的罪过形式谈起——再探滥用职权罪

关于滥用职权罪的罪过形式,观点颇多,但实际上,其罪过形式只能是故意,包括直接故意和间接故意。司法实践中将本应定玩忽职守罪的过失行为,以及将虽出于故意但已构成其他更为严重犯罪的行为定为滥用职权罪的做法令人质疑。在目前情况下,应按照特别法优于普通法以及重法优于轻法的原则处理第397条滥用职权罪同其他相关条文间的法条竞合关系。另外,没有必要将滥用职权罪的主体再次恢复为“国家工作人员”,应提高和增设该罪的法定刑,将该罪和玩忽职守分列两个条文,重视对该罪未遂的惩处。     

Serial Domestic Abuse in Wales: An Exploratory Study Into its Definition,Prevalence, Correlates,and Management

Analysis of information held by police, probation, and third-sector organizations in Wales about 100 domestic abuse perpetrators, along with 16 practitioner interviews, provides the empirical context for a discussion of the problem of “serial domestic abuse.” Despite increased concern over the harm caused by serial abusers, different definitions and recording systems prevent a reliable estimation of the problem. This exploratory study suggests that the offending profiles of serial abusers are heterogeneous, and recommends that approaches aimed at reducing the harm caused by the “power few” domestic abusers incorporate information about serial alongside repeat and high-risk offending.     

维护自由贸易与保护知识产权权利的内在冲突和司法考量之进路

世贸组织的根本宗旨是推动全球贸易的自由化,逐步减少和消除阻碍贸易发展的壁垒。保护附加于商品上的知识产权(特别是商标权、专利权)在一定条件下会阻碍自由贸易发展。针对如何看待和协调WTO一系列框架文本中消除贸易壁垒和保护与贸易有关的知识产权协定的关系,从世贸组织的相关法律文本出发,通过我国法律和欧盟的典型判例来实证分析研究上述问题,并总结欧盟司法经验,揭示在保护知识产权的基本原则下,运用比例关系测试法就具体个案衡平考量解决两者冲突的司法进路。     

契约精神与税收筹划的合理界限

在市场经济条件下,税收筹划是一种普遍的以增加纳税主体可税性收益为目的的经济活动安排,但对税收筹划的法理论分析却非常薄弱。从对现代契约精神的尊重与实现出发,剖析税收筹划深层次的法价值理念,税收筹划中契约精神的延展、异化及理性复归等问题,试图在理论上解决税收筹划的"弱理论性"问题。     

民事诉讼受理制度改造的理性视角

民事诉讼受理是纠纷进入司法程序的初始必经阶段,对于当事人诉讼权利保障意义重大.随着经济体制改革的深化和经济的快速发展,许多深层次的矛盾不断出现,民众的诉求越来越多,而我国的法律体系和社会保障机制还不够完善,人民法院作为解决矛盾纠纷的专门机构,应当担负起为构建和谐社会提供有力司法保障的历史任务,最大程度地吸纳化解矛盾纠纷.然而,现行民事诉讼受理制度所规定的起诉条件,既包括实体内容又包括程序要求,确定性有余而灵活性、包容性不足,虽然能够一定程度地起到过滤纠纷,节约司法资源的作用,但其对于新型权利诉求进入诉讼渠道的阻隔作用日益显现,甚至为个别地方限制当事人正当诉权的行使提供了借口.在改造方案的设计方面,应当理性审视现有司法资源和司法环境,更宜采渐进式而非跃进式的方案,避免由于准备不足而导致司法不堪重负,制约正常功能的发挥.     

Positive Resolution of Childhood Sexual Abuse Experiences: The Role of Coping,Benefit-Finding and Meaning-Making

Resolution of the trauma of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and the current adjustment of 60 adult female CSA survivors were explored through qualitative and quantitative analyses of their coping strategies, perceived benefits, and meaning-making attempts. While the majority of the women (87%) perceived at least some benefit resulting from coping with the CSA experience, many (29%) found it impossible to make any meaning of their trauma. Specific benefits that were associated with various aspects of positive adjustment (marital satisfaction, better physical health, less isolation) included improved relationships with others, religious or spiritual growth, and improved parenting skills. Some perceived benefits were actually associated with a negative outcome. Increased knowledge of sexual abuse was associated with more isolation and lower marital satisfaction. When positive meaning could be derived from the coping process, the women reported less isolation. Avoidant coping was strongly associated with more depressive symptoms and poorer resolution of abuse issues. Results highlight the importance of considering coping strategies and cognitive restructuring efforts in designing therapeutic interventions with this population. Portions of this paper were presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Psychological Association, May 2004, Chicago, IL.     

Co-Occurrence of Interparental Violence and Child Physical Abuse and It’s Effect on the Adolescents’ Behavior

This study analyzed the impact of the co-occurrence of parental and interparental violence on the behavior of adolescents. Results reveal that the co-occurrence of interparental violence and child physical abuse has a significantly greater negative impact on behavior than does exposure to interparental violence only. Moreover, participants, who are both abused and exposed to interparental violence, exhibit internalized and externalized symptoms falling within the clinical range more frequently. Exposure exclusively to interparental violence also has definite impact; for example, teens who are only exposed to interparental violence exhibit internalized and externalized symptoms more frequently than do those who have been neither subject to physical abuse from a parent nor exposed to interparental violence. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

新闻立法刍议

新闻活动对国家和公民的生活有着举足轻重的影响作用。新闻活动需要用法律来规范，新闻立法的基本原则有两个方面，一是新闻的自由性；二是禁止新闻权力滥用。     

叶公好龙:刑事证人出庭的一个寓言

我国目前呼唤"证人出庭"是一个叶公好龙式的伪命题,无论是法官、控辩双方、被害人,还是警察等都没有做好证人出庭的准备。其中书面证言确认制度、"大司法机关"体制、证人全程伪证责任等因素促生法官不情愿证人出庭的心理,而警察出庭作证制度缺乏"怀疑权力"的文化传统和个人积极性。进而言之,目前关于证人出庭具体配套规则的对策也有难以克服的缺陷。而我们要认真对待实践而不至于做脱离实际的制度设计。